社会保护

建立社会保护底线和全面的社会保障体系

Indonesia

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Situation and Priorities

Social protection situation

Medical Care: The health insurance scheme (JKN) was established in 2014, and covers 76 per cent of residents, or 280 million people, in 2023.

Maternity and Sickness Benefits: No social protection scheme is available. Employers are liable to pay salaries for these contingencies.

Unemployment Benefit: The unemployment insurance scheme (JKP) was established in 2021 and covers less than 26 per cent of employees, or 13 million employees. Several parameters must be improved. For example, coverage legally excludes many workers in micro-enterprises. The expiration of fixed-term contracts is not a covered contingency, and a second claim is penalized for five years.

Old-age, Invalidity, and Survivors’ Benefits: A defined benefit pension scheme (JP) was established in 2015, and covers 12 per cent of the working-age population, or 14 million employees. Several parameters must be improved, as adequacy is below the social security minimum standards. Coverage is limited to workers in large and medium enterprises. The ILO recommends reform options for creating a universal tier to cover all older persons and establishing a multi-tier pension system to improve adequacy. Policies for invalidity and survivors’ benefits must also be reformed.

Employment Injury Benefit: The employment injury insurance scheme (JKK) was reformed in 2015, 2019, 2023, and 2025 and covers 63 per cent of employees, or 32 million employees. Several parameters must be improved. Permanent disability benefits and survivor’s benefits are provided as lump-sum payments for a prescribed period, while minimum standards require 50 per cent throughout the contingency and 40 per cent, respectively.

Family Benefit: The conditional cash transfers scheme (PKH) targets a maximum of 10 million means-tested households every year.

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COVID-19 and other crises

The government responded to the COVID-19 crisis mainly by introducing new tax-funded schemes and expanding existing ones. These schemes include the Village Funds Unconditional Cash Transfer Programme (BLT), the Food Assistance Programme (Sembako), the Pre-Employment Card Programme (Kartu Prakerja), the Conditional Cash Transfers Programme (Program Keluarga Harapan), the public works programme, the energy subsidy programme, and the wage subsidy assistance programme.

Visit the Social Protection COVID-19 Monitor
Government and social partner priorities

Extending old-age benefits to workers in informal employment: Establish a multi-tier pension system by creating a new universal pension tier for all residents, extending the defined benefit pension scheme (Jaminan Pensiun) at least to all wage employees, and reforming the role of the defined contribution contributory scheme (Jaminan Hari Tua).

Establishing a new maternity and paternity benefit scheme: Establish a new maternity and paternity benefit by replacing the current employer liability schemes with social insurance schemes.

Improving the unemployment insurance scheme: Reform the policy design of the unemployment insurance scheme (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan) to align with international labour standards.

Improving the employment injury insurance scheme: Reform the policy design of the employment injury insurance scheme (Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja) to comply with international labour standards.

Ratifying Convention 102: After complementing the abovementioned policy reforms, ratify the Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (No. 102).

Just transition: Facilitate national consultations on just transition, with a special focus on adaptive social protection, the care economy, inequality, and other relevant topics.

ILO Projects and Programmes

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Results

2015-16: Contributed analysis and inputs to Government Regulation No. 45/2015 on the establishment of DB pension scheme (JP) through actuarial valuations.

2017-18: Facilitated and consolidated stakeholder inputs for the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 18/2018 on social security for Indonesian migrant workers.

2019: Facilitated national tripartite dialogues to discuss policy options for an unemployment insurance scheme.

2020: Contributed analysis and inputs to Law No. 11/2020 on the establishment of the unemployment insurance scheme (JKP), through actuarial valuations, international case studies, and policy analysis. Organized 46 training workshops, technical meetings, and dialogues with 531 representatives from the government, workers, and employers.

2021: Contributed analysis and inputs to Government Regulation No. 37/2021 and Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 7/2021 on the implementation of the unemployment insurance scheme (JKP). Organized 64 training workshops, technical meetings, and dialogues with 1,261 representatives from the government, workers, and employers.

2022: Contributed analysis and inputs to Law No. 4/2023 on financial sector development and strengthening by submitting policy and actuarial recommendations on pension reforms; Also contributed to the Bill on maternal and childcare by recommending the introduction of maternity and paternity benefits based on social insurance principles. Organized 29 training workshops, technical meetings, and dialogues with 817 representatives from the government, workers, and employers.

2023: Contributed analysis and inputs to the Government of Indonesia on the role of social insurance in the framework of the Adaptive Social Protection roadmap, which was included in the Government's draft Long-term National Development Plan 2025-2045 (RPJPN).

2024: Contributed analysis and inputs to the adopted Law No.4/2024 on Maternal and Child Welfare (including maternity and paternity leave reforms) and Law No.59/2024 on Long-term National Development Plan 2025-2045 (RPJPN), .

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